| Bagian | Isi |
|---|
| Tema | Should Examinations Be Replaced with Other Forms of Assessment? |
| Penulis | Debbie Newman (England) |
Pengantar
| Esei Singkat | Penjelasan Sederhana |
|---|
| At present, many schools, colleges, and universities assess their students by means of end-of-year written examinations. These can be very stressful, and many students fare worse in exams than in other forms of assessment. On the other hand, perhaps it is good training for later life when success depends on being able to deal with stress and perform well on big occasions. | Saat ini banyak sekolah, perguruan tinggi, dan universitas yang menilai siswa melalui ujian tertulis akhir tahun. Ujian sering menimbulkan stres sehingga sebagian siswa memperoleh hasil yang lebih buruk dibandingkan dengan bentuk penilaian lainnya. Namun, ujian juga dianggap sebagai latihan menghadapi tekanan dalam kehidupan dan dunia kerja di masa depan. |
Brainstorming Ideas
PRO: Examinations Should Be Replaced with Other Forms of Assessment
(Ujian sebaiknya diganti dengan bentuk penilaian lain)
| Argumen | Penjelasan |
|---|
| Exams test memory more than analysis, creativity, or real understanding. If you have a good memory, you can get away with doing very little work throughout the course and still get very good grades. | Ujian sering hanya mengukur kemampuan menghafal. Siswa yang hafal materi bisa mendapat nilai tinggi meskipun belum tentu benar-benar memahami konsep secara mendalam. |
| Things such as open-book exams, viva voces, and questions that ask you to evaluate information are not testing merely memory, but your ability to apply your knowledge. | Bentuk penilaian lain lebih menguji kemampuan berpikir kritis, analisis, dan penerapan ilmu, bukan sekadar hafalan. |
| Coursework is a much more genuine assessment of a candidate because it takes into account research, understanding of the issues and ability to express oneself, not just ability to answer a question in a very limited period of time. | Tugas atau proyek memberikan gambaran kemampuan siswa yang lebih nyata karena mencakup riset, pemahaman materi, dan kemampuan menyampaikan ide. |
| The pressure attached to A-levels and GCSEs is huge and causes many problems. Some students have breakdowns and, in extreme cases, attempt suicide because they cannot handle the pressure. | Tekanan ujian yang sangat besar dapat berdampak buruk pada kesehatan mental siswa. |
| As well as causing personal problems, pressure can lead many bright students to underperform. Exams test your ability to keep your cool more than they test your intelligence. | Banyak siswa pintar memperoleh nilai rendah karena gugup. Kadang ujian lebih mengukur kemampuan mengendalikan stres daripada kecerdasan. |
| Examination results depend on the opinion of the individual examiner. The same paper marked by two different examiners could get completely different results. This is exacerbated by the short time that examiners spend marking a paper. | Penilaian ujian bisa bersifat subjektif karena dipengaruhi oleh penilai yang berbeda. |
Ringkasan PRO
| Poin Utama | Makna |
|---|
| Ujian terlalu fokus pada hafalan | Kurang mengukur kreativitas dan analisis |
| Coursework lebih komprehensif | Menilai proses belajar secara menyeluruh |
| Tekanan ujian tinggi | Dapat merugikan kesehatan mental siswa |
| Siswa pintar bisa gagal karena stres | Nilai tidak selalu mencerminkan kemampuan |
| Penilaian bisa subjektif | Hasil dapat berbeda antar pemeriksa |
CON: Examinations Should NOT Be Replaced
(Ujian tidak seharusnya diganti sepenuhnya)
| Argumen | Penjelasan |
|---|
| Coursework is valuable but should be used in conjunction with exams. A student might answer a question very well given time and help from teachers, family and textbooks, but then be unable to apply what they have learnt to another question coming from a different angle. | Tugas memang penting, tetapi harus dikombinasikan dengan ujian karena siswa bisa saja mendapat banyak bantuan saat mengerjakan tugas. |
| Coursework can involve a lot of pressure as well, especially with the meeting of deadlines. Schools should, and do, teach pupils about relaxation and stress-management for both exams and coursework. | Tugas dan proyek juga dapat menimbulkan stres, terutama karena tenggat waktu. |
| Pressure is a fact of life and children must be prepared for it. Pressure only increases at university and in the workplace and we must teach children how to perform well in these conditions rather than protect them from them. | Tekanan adalah bagian dari kehidupan nyata. Ujian membantu siswa belajar menghadapi situasi penuh tekanan. |
| Coursework must also be marked by individuals, so the same criticism applies. It is not significantly fairer than exams. | Jika masalahnya subjektivitas penilai, maka coursework juga memiliki kelemahan yang sama. |
| Exams test knowledge application, discipline, and the ability to perform independently under time limits. | Ujian menunjukkan kemampuan siswa bekerja sendiri tanpa bantuan pihak lain. |
Ringkasan CON
| Poin Utama | Makna |
|---|
| Coursework bisa dibantu orang lain | Tidak selalu menunjukkan kemampuan asli siswa |
| Coursework juga menimbulkan stres | Bukan solusi sempurna untuk mengganti ujian |
| Tekanan perlu dilatih | Berguna untuk kehidupan dan pekerjaan |
| Subjektivitas juga ada pada coursework | Tidak otomatis lebih adil |
| Ujian mengukur kemampuan mandiri | Penting untuk evaluasi yang objektif |
Glossaries (Kosakata)
| Vocabulary | English Meaning | Indonesia |
|---|
| assess | measure | menilai |
| replaced with | substituted with | diganti dengan |
| by means of | with help of | dengan bantuan/melalui |
| stressful | demanding | membebani, memberatkan |
| fare | manage in doing something | menjalankan |
| deal with | handle something | mengatasi |
| get away | experience no bad results | melewati dengan mudah |
| merely | only, just, simply | hanya |
| take into account | consider something | mempertimbangkan |
| angle | point of view | sudut pandang |
| breakdown | personal health crisis / psychological collapse | gangguan psikologis |
| suicide | killing yourself | bunuh diri |
| deadline | time limit | batas akhir |
| under-perform | perform with bad result | menjalankan dengan hasil yang jelek |
| keep your cool | remain calm | tetap tenang |
| pressure | stress | tekanan |
| exacerbated | become worse | menjadi parah |
| marking | assessing | memberi nilai |
| coursework | work assigned to students | penugasan |
| ensure | make sure, guarantee | memastikan, menjamin |
| abolish | eliminate | menghapus |
Kesimpulan Materi
| Sisi PRO | Sisi CON |
|---|
| Ujian terlalu menekankan hafalan dan menimbulkan stres. | Ujian melatih siswa menghadapi tekanan dan bekerja mandiri. |
| Coursework lebih menggambarkan kemampuan nyata siswa. | Coursework juga memiliki kelemahan, seperti bantuan dari orang lain dan penilaian subjektif. |
| Bentuk penilaian alternatif dapat mengukur analisis dan kreativitas lebih baik. | Ujian tetap diperlukan sebagai alat evaluasi yang terstandar. |
Inti debat: Apakah sistem pendidikan sebaiknya mengganti ujian dengan penilaian lain, atau menggunakan kombinasi keduanya untuk memperoleh hasil yang lebih adil dan akurat?
