PASSIVE VOICE
Apa Itu Passive Voice?
Passive Voice adalah bentuk kalimat yang menekankan aksi atau hasil suatu tindakan, bukan orang yang melakukannya.
Dalam kalimat pasif, fokus utama adalah apa yang terjadi pada suatu benda atau orang.
Active Voice vs Passive Voice
Active Voice (Kalimat Aktif)
Subjek melakukan tindakan.
Contoh
The chef cooks the meal.
→ Koki memasak makanan itu.
Subjek:
The chef
Aksi:
cooks
Objek:
the meal
Passive Voice (Kalimat Pasif)
Objek menerima tindakan.
Contoh
The meal is cooked by the chef.
→ Makanan itu dimasak oleh koki.
Fokus berpindah dari pelaku ke hasil tindakan.
Ciri-Ciri Passive Voice
✔ Fokus pada aksi atau hasil
✔ Menggunakan pola:
Be + Verb 3 (Past Participle)
✔ Pelaku sering tidak disebutkan
✔ Banyak digunakan dalam berita, laporan, dan tulisan formal
Rumus Utama Passive Voice
Pola Dasar
Subject + Be + Verb 3
Contoh
is cleaned
→ dibersihkanwas built
→ dibangunwill be delivered
→ akan dikirim
Contoh Cerita
A Visit to the Museum
A new exhibition was opened at the city museum.
→ Sebuah pameran baru dibuka di museum kota.The paintings were collected from galleries around the world.
→ Lukisan-lukisan dikumpulkan dari galeri di seluruh dunia.The building was renovated last year.
→ Gedung itu direnovasi tahun lalu.A new wing was added.
→ Sebuah bagian baru ditambahkan.Thousands of visitors are expected in the first month.
→ Ribuan pengunjung diperkirakan akan datang pada bulan pertama.
Bentuk Passive Berdasarkan Tense
Present Simple Passive
Rumus
Am/Is/Are + Verb 3
Contoh
The room is cleaned daily.
→ Ruangan dibersihkan setiap hari.English is spoken here.
→ Bahasa Inggris digunakan di sini.
Past Simple Passive
Rumus
Was/Were + Verb 3
Contoh
The house was built in 1990.
→ Rumah itu dibangun pada tahun 1990.The letter was sent yesterday.
→ Surat itu dikirim kemarin.
Present Continuous Passive
Rumus
Am/Is/Are + Being + Verb 3
Contoh
The road is being repaired.
→ Jalan sedang diperbaiki.The room is being cleaned.
→ Ruangan sedang dibersihkan.
Future Passive
Rumus
Will Be + Verb 3
Contoh
The package will be delivered tomorrow.
→ Paket akan dikirim besok.The project will be completed next month.
→ Proyek akan diselesaikan bulan depan.
Kapan Menggunakan Passive Voice?
1. Fokus pada Aksi
Ketika tindakan lebih penting daripada pelaku.
Contoh
The window was broken.
→ Jendela itu pecah.
2. Pelaku Tidak Diketahui
Contoh
My phone was stolen.
→ Ponsel saya dicuri.The money was taken.
→ Uang itu diambil.
3. Pelaku Tidak Penting
Contoh
The road was repaired last week.
→ Jalan diperbaiki minggu lalu.
Siapa yang memperbaiki tidak penting.
4. Bahasa Formal dan Berita
Contoh
Three people were injured in the accident.
→ Tiga orang terluka dalam kecelakaan.The decision was announced yesterday.
→ Keputusan diumumkan kemarin.
Cara Mengubah Active Menjadi Passive
Langkah 1
Objek menjadi subjek.
Active
The chef cooks the meal.
Objek:
the meal
Langkah 2
Tambahkan kata kerja "be" sesuai tense.
Langkah 3
Gunakan Verb 3 (Past Participle).
Langkah 4 (Opsional)
Tambahkan:
by + pelaku
Contoh 1
Active:
The chef cooks the meal.
→ Koki memasak makanan.
Passive:
The meal is cooked by the chef.
→ Makanan dimasak oleh koki.
Contoh 2
Active:
Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.
→ Shakespeare menulis Hamlet.
Passive:
Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.
→ Hamlet ditulis oleh Shakespeare.
Contoh 3
Active:
The company will deliver the package.
→ Perusahaan akan mengirim paket.
Passive:
The package will be delivered by the company.
→ Paket akan dikirim oleh perusahaan.
Verb 3 yang Sering Digunakan
| Verb | Verb 3 |
|---|---|
| write | written |
| make | made |
| take | taken |
| break | broken |
| speak | spoken |
| build | built |
| grow | grown |
| sell | sold |
| send | sent |
| choose | chosen |
Contoh dalam Kehidupan Sehari-Hari
Produksi
Chocolate is made from cocoa beans.
→ Cokelat dibuat dari biji kakao.The bread is baked every morning.
→ Roti dipanggang setiap pagi.
Berita
Three people were injured in the accident.
→ Tiga orang terluka dalam kecelakaan.The building was destroyed by fire.
→ Gedung itu dihancurkan oleh api.
Kehidupan Sehari-Hari
The room is cleaned every day.
→ Kamar dibersihkan setiap hari.Dinner was cooked by my sister.
→ Makan malam dimasak oleh saudara perempuan saya.The package will be delivered today.
→ Paket akan dikirim hari ini.
Kesalahan Umum
1. Menggunakan Verb 2, Bukan Verb 3
❌ The book is wrote by the author.
✅ The book is written by the author.
2. Lupa Menggunakan Verb 3
❌ The windows are clean every week.
✅ The windows are cleaned every week.
3. Salah Bentuk Verb 3
❌ The house was build in 1990.
✅ The house was built in 1990.
4. Salah Bentuk Kata Kerja Tidak Beraturan
❌ English is speak here.
✅ English is spoken here.
Latihan
Ubah kalimat berikut menjadi Passive Voice.
1
Active:
Someone cleans the room every day.
Passive:
The room is cleaned every day.
→ Kamar dibersihkan setiap hari.
2
Active:
They built this house in 2010.
Passive:
This house was built in 2010.
→ Rumah ini dibangun pada tahun 2010.
3
Active:
People speak English here.
Passive:
English is spoken here.
→ Bahasa Inggris digunakan di sini.
4
Active:
The company will deliver the package.
Passive:
The package will be delivered by the company.
→ Paket akan dikirim oleh perusahaan.
Speaking Practice
The book was written by J.K. Rowling.
→ Buku itu ditulis oleh J.K. Rowling.English is spoken all over the world.
→ Bahasa Inggris digunakan di seluruh dunia.The car was manufactured in Germany.
→ Mobil itu diproduksi di Jerman.The windows are cleaned every week.
→ Jendela dibersihkan setiap minggu.The letter was sent yesterday.
→ Surat itu dikirim kemarin.Coffee is grown in Brazil.
→ Kopi ditanam di Brasil.The movie was directed by Steven Spielberg.
→ Film itu disutradarai oleh Steven Spielberg.The museum is visited by thousands of people.
→ Museum itu dikunjungi oleh ribuan orang.
Tips Belajar
✔ Ingat rumus utama:
Be + Verb 3
✔ Fokus pada aksi, bukan pelaku.
✔ Pelaku sering dihilangkan jika tidak penting.
✔ Hafalkan Verb 3 yang sering digunakan.
✔ Banyak berlatih mengubah kalimat aktif menjadi pasif.
Ringkasan Cepat
Active Voice
Subjek melakukan aksi.
Contoh:
The chef cooks the meal.
Passive Voice
Subjek menerima aksi.
Contoh:
The meal is cooked by the chef.
Rumus
Subject + Be + Verb 3
Bentuk Umum
Present Simple
is cleaned
are made
Past Simple
was built
were written
Future
will be delivered
will be completed
Ingat
✔ Passive Voice = Fokus pada aksi
✔ Gunakan Be + Verb 3
✔ Pelaku bisa ditambahkan dengan "by"
✔ Sangat umum digunakan dalam berita, laporan, dan tulisan formal
