Present Perfect with For / Since

 

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PRESENT PERFECT: FOR & SINCE

Apa Itu Present Perfect (For & Since)?

Present Perfect digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu aksi, keadaan, atau situasi yang dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlanjut sampai sekarang.

Rumus

Subject + Have/Has + Verb 3 + For/Since

Contoh

• I have lived here for 3 years.
  → Saya sudah tinggal di sini selama 3 tahun.

• I have lived here since 2020.
  → Saya sudah tinggal di sini sejak tahun 2020.

Kedua kalimat sama-sama menggunakan Present Perfect, tetapi "for" dan "since" memiliki fungsi yang berbeda.

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Perbedaan FOR dan SINCE

FOR = Durasi (Berapa Lama)

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan lamanya waktu.

Contoh Durasi

• for 2 hours
  → selama 2 jam

• for 3 days
  → selama 3 hari

• for a week
  → selama 1 minggu

• for a year
  → selama 1 tahun

Contoh Kalimat

• She has worked here for 2 months.
  → Dia sudah bekerja di sini selama 2 bulan.

• We have lived here for ten years.
  → Kami sudah tinggal di sini selama 10 tahun.

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SINCE = Titik Awal Waktu (Sejak Kapan)

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan kapan suatu keadaan atau aktivitas dimulai.

Contoh Titik Waktu

• since Monday
  → sejak hari Senin

• since June
  → sejak bulan Juni

• since 2020
  → sejak tahun 2020

• since I was a child
  → sejak saya masih kecil

Contoh Kalimat

• She has worked here since June.
  → Dia sudah bekerja di sini sejak bulan Juni.

• I have lived here since 2020.
  → Saya sudah tinggal di sini sejak tahun 2020.

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Contoh Cerita

A Life in the City

• Maria has lived in London for seven years.
  → Maria sudah tinggal di London selama tujuh tahun.

❌ She moved there since 2017.

✅ She has lived there since 2017.

→ Dia sudah tinggal di sana sejak tahun 2017.

• She has worked as a nurse for five years.
  → Dia sudah bekerja sebagai perawat selama lima tahun.

• She has been at the same hospital since 2019.
  → Dia sudah berada di rumah sakit yang sama sejak tahun 2019.

• Maria has known her best friend for a long time.
  → Maria sudah mengenal sahabatnya sejak lama.

• They have been friends since they were children.
  → Mereka sudah berteman sejak masih kecil.

• She has had her flat for three years.
  → Dia sudah memiliki apartemennya selama tiga tahun.

• She has been happy there since the day she moved in.
  → Dia sudah bahagia di sana sejak hari pertama pindah.

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Contoh FOR (Durasi)

• I have waited for five minutes.
  → Saya sudah menunggu selama lima menit.

• She has slept for two hours.
  → Dia sudah tidur selama dua jam.

• We have been here for three days.
  → Kami sudah berada di sini selama tiga hari.

• He has been sick for a week.
  → Dia sudah sakit selama seminggu.

• They have lived there for two months.
  → Mereka sudah tinggal di sana selama dua bulan.

• I have studied for a year.
  → Saya sudah belajar selama satu tahun.

• We have known each other for a long time.
  → Kami sudah saling mengenal sejak lama.

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Contoh SINCE (Titik Waktu)

• I have been here since 9 o'clock.
  → Saya sudah berada di sini sejak jam 9.

• She has been absent since Monday.
  → Dia sudah tidak hadir sejak hari Senin.

• It has been cold since January.
  → Cuaca sudah dingin sejak Januari.

• He has worked here since 2020.
  → Dia sudah bekerja di sini sejak tahun 2020.

• We have had this car since last week.
  → Kami sudah memiliki mobil ini sejak minggu lalu.

• I haven't eaten since yesterday.
  → Saya belum makan sejak kemarin.

• I have loved music since I was a child.
  → Saya sudah menyukai musik sejak masih kecil.

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Perbedaan Utama FOR dan SINCE

FOR	SINCE
Menjawab: Berapa lama?	Menjawab: Sejak kapan?
Menunjukkan durasi	Menunjukkan titik awal
for 3 years	since 2020
for 2 hours	since Monday
for a month	since June

Contoh

Pertanyaan:

How long have you lived here?
→ Sudah berapa lama kamu tinggal di sini?

Jawaban:

I have lived here for 3 years.
→ Saya sudah tinggal di sini selama 3 tahun.

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Pertanyaan:

When did you start working here?
→ Kapan kamu mulai bekerja di sini?

Jawaban:

I have worked here since 2020.
→ Saya sudah bekerja di sini sejak tahun 2020.

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Kata Kerja yang Sering Digunakan dengan FOR dan SINCE

Live

• I have lived here for five years.
  → Saya sudah tinggal di sini selama lima tahun.

Work

• She has worked here since 2020.
  → Dia sudah bekerja di sini sejak 2020.

Know

• We have known each other for a long time.
  → Kami sudah saling mengenal sejak lama.

Have

• He has had this car since last year.
  → Dia sudah memiliki mobil ini sejak tahun lalu.

Be

• They have been married for ten years.
  → Mereka sudah menikah selama sepuluh tahun.

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Kesalahan Umum

1. Menggunakan Present Simple

❌ I live here since 2020.

✅ I have lived here since 2020.

→ Saya sudah tinggal di sini sejak 2020.

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2. Menggunakan Present Simple untuk Durasi

❌ She works here for two years.

✅ She has worked here for two years.

→ Dia sudah bekerja di sini selama dua tahun.

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3. Salah Menggunakan Verb

❌ I have this car since last year.

✅ I have had this car since last year.

→ Saya sudah memiliki mobil ini sejak tahun lalu.

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4. Salah Menggunakan "Be"

❌ We are married for 5 years.

✅ We have been married for 5 years.

→ Kami sudah menikah selama lima tahun.

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5. Salah Memilih FOR dan SINCE

❌ He has worked here since two years.

✅ He has worked here for two years.

→ Dia sudah bekerja di sini selama dua tahun.

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Latihan

Lengkapi kalimat berikut dengan FOR atau SINCE.

1. I have studied English ______ three years.

2. She has lived here ______ 2018.

3. We have been friends ______ we were children.

4. He has had that car ______ six months.

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Kunci Jawaban

1. for

2. since

3. since

4. for

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Speaking Practice

• I have lived here for five years.
  → Saya sudah tinggal di sini selama lima tahun.

• She has worked here since 2020.
  → Dia sudah bekerja di sini sejak 2020.

• We have known each other for a long time.
  → Kami sudah saling mengenal sejak lama.

• He has had this car since last summer.
  → Dia sudah memiliki mobil ini sejak musim panas lalu.

• They have been married for ten years.
  → Mereka sudah menikah selama sepuluh tahun.

• I haven't seen her since Monday.
  → Saya belum melihatnya sejak hari Senin.

• She has studied English for two years.
  → Dia sudah belajar bahasa Inggris selama dua tahun.

• We have waited here for an hour.
  → Kami sudah menunggu di sini selama satu jam.

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Tips Belajar

✔ Present Perfect digunakan untuk sesuatu yang dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlanjut sampai sekarang.

✔ FOR digunakan untuk durasi waktu (berapa lama).

✔ SINCE digunakan untuk titik awal waktu (sejak kapan).

✔ Gunakan rumus:

Have/Has + Verb 3

✔ Jika aktivitas masih berlangsung hingga sekarang, gunakan Present Perfect, bukan Present Simple.

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Ringkasan Cepat

Present Perfect

Rumus:

Subject + Have/Has + Verb 3

Contoh:

• I have lived here for three years.

• She has worked here since 2020.

FOR

Digunakan untuk durasi waktu.

Contoh:

• for two hours

• for three days

• for five years

SINCE

Digunakan untuk titik awal waktu.

Contoh:

• since Monday

• since June

• since 2020

Ingat

FOR = Berapa lama?

SINCE = Sejak kapan?

Keduanya digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlangsung sampai sekarang.